• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a heating system with at least one heat generator (1), a supply line (2), a return line (3) and a return line maintenance (4) with a return valve (5) and a charge pump (6), wherein a flow sensor (7 ) and a return temperature sensor (8) are provided, wherein the return temperature sensor (8) integrated in the flow sensor (7) and in the return (3) between the return valve (5) and the heat generator (1) is provided. The invention further relates to a method for controlling a heating system and a control unit, which is adapted to carry out this method.
    公开号:CH711276A2
    申请号:CH00801/16
    申请日:2016-06-23
    公开日:2016-12-30
    发明作者:Mandl Klaus；Mandl Markus；Mandl Matthias
    申请人:Logotherm Regelsysteme Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a heating system and a method for controlling a heating system and a controller, set up to carry out this method.
    Heating systems are known from the prior art, which have one or more heat generator, a flow and a return of the heating medium and a return high maintenance with a return valve and a charge pump. Biomass boilers and solar collectors as well as conventional log wood boilers or oil boilers are known from the prior art as heat generators. The heated heating medium is directed into a buffer tank or directly to thermal consumers.
    In such heating systems, it is also known to provide a flow sensor in the delivery cycle, ie between the return flow maintenance and the consumer. By measuring the flow temperature and return temperature as well as the passage of the heating medium through the delivery circuit, the output to the consumer or the buffer memory power can be calculated.
    However, this has the disadvantage that in addition to the already always required return temperature sensor, another temperature sensor in the delivery circuit is required to measure the temperature of the heating medium after passing through the thermal load.
    The object of the invention is, inter alia, to remedy these and other disadvantages of conventional heating systems. It is a heating system and method for controlling a heating system to be created, which can be operated cheaply in the production, easy to set up and operate, as well as energy-saving and environmentally friendly.
    These and other objects are inventively achieved in that the return temperature sensor is integrated into the flow sensor and provided in the return between the return valve and the heat generator. As a result, the return temperature sensor can be used at the same time for regulating the return flow maintenance as well as for measuring power. Another temperature sensor in the return of the output circuit is thus unnecessary.
    According to the invention it is further provided that the power control of the heat generator is not, as usual, according to exhaust gas temperature specification, but also in certain operating phases by power setting, ie flow times temperature difference is calculated. This calculation method eliminates errors due to contamination of the heat exchanger. Moreover, this method can detect an excessive degree of contamination of the heat exchanger if there is too great a difference between the calculated power values.
    The invention further extends to heating systems wherein a combustion chamber, at least one air inlet, at least one air control element and at least one exhaust fan are provided in the heat generator, and wherein the air control element is connected in a known manner to the combustion chamber via at least one air duct. Through the air duct oxygen is supplied to the combustion chamber, wherein the addition is controlled by the air control member. According to the invention it can be provided that a vacuum sensor for controlling the negative pressure generated by the exhaust fan is arranged in the air duct. This has the advantage that the vacuum sensor, which is arranged in conventional heating systems in the firebox to detect the negative pressure in the firebox, is not exposed to such high temperature and dirt loads. Nevertheless, by an inventive arrangement of the vacuum sensor in the air duct, the fluctuation of the negative pressure in the combustion chamber can be detected and compensated by a speed correction of the induced draft.
    By different vacuum setpoint specifications for the various operating conditions such as ignition, firing, stationary phase, burnout, or door opening the reliability and the combustion process can be significantly improved.
    According to the invention may be provided in particular that a combustion chamber, two air inlets, two air control elements and an exhaust fan are provided, wherein the air control elements are connected to the combustion chamber via a primary air duct and a secondary air duct, and wherein in the primary air duct, a vacuum sensor for controlling by the Exhaust fan generated negative pressure is arranged.
    The invention further extends to a heating system with a buffer memory, wherein a plurality of temperature sensors are provided for measuring the temperature profile and determining the total amount of heat of the buffer memory. The temperature sensors can be located inside the buffer tank or on the outer skin of the buffer tank, between the vessel and the insulation. This allows an accurate determination of the energy content of the buffer even if the buffer has no linear temperature profile, so that a determination of the energy content based on the average temperature of two or more temperature sensors in the buffer memory would give erroneous results.
    According to the invention may be provided in particular that the temperature sensors are arranged offset along the height of the buffer memory. This allows, in particular, the exact calculation of the energy content of the buffer memory when the buffer memory does not have a homogeneous cross-section along its height. According to the invention it can further be provided that the temperature sensors are used in addition to the determination of the energy content of the buffer memory for other control tasks, for example as a solar circuit sensor, as a buffer sensor for multiple buffers for Umladefunktionen, or to determine the introduction of consumer returns.
    According to the invention may be provided in particular that in the buffer at least one heating element or at least one heat exchanger is arranged, wherein one of the temperature sensor is arranged at the level of at least one of the heating inserts or heat exchangers and associated with this for control.
    According to the invention may be provided in particular that in the buffer memory, an electric heater, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger are arranged, wherein a first temperature sensor is associated with the electric heating element, a second temperature sensor to the first heat exchanger and a third temperature sensor to the second heat exchanger. In addition to this assignment, the temperature values of the temperature sensors are recorded separately and used to determine the energy content of the buffer tank.
    According to the invention may further be provided that a solar collector is provided which comprises a first solar circuit with a first solar charging pump and the first heat exchanger and a second solar circuit with a second solar charging pump and the second heat exchanger.
    The heat generator according to the invention may be designed as Biomasseheizkessel, wherein a boiler temperature sensor and a safety temperature limiter, as well as a solar temperature sensor are provided on the solar collector.
    The invention further extends to a method for controlling a heating system with at least one heat generator, a flow, a return and a high return with a return valve and a charge pump, wherein for flow measurement, a flow sensor and a return temperature sensor are provided, and wherein the flow is measured by the flow sensor in the return between the return valve and the heat generator, the temperature measured by the return temperature sensor is used for both the setting of the return valve to control the return flow maintenance, as well as to calculate the current performance of the heating system.
    According to the invention it can be provided that the determined power measurement value is used as the actual value of a power control or as a control value of a power value determined in another way, in particular a power value determined on the basis of the exhaust gas temperature of the heat generator.
    [0019] According to the invention, it can be provided that the power measurement value determined on the basis of the flow measurement for the purpose of detecting soiling is compared with the power measurement value determined on the basis of the exhaust gas temperature of the heat generator. This method eliminates errors due to the degree of soiling of the heat exchanger and thus a high degree of contamination of the heat exchanger can be detected.
    According to the invention it can be provided that for determining the current and future required fuel demand of a first heat generator, in particular a biomass boiler, the current and expected yield of a second heat generator, in particular a solar collector, is calculated from current and forecast meteorological data.
    The invention further extends to a control unit, adapted for carrying out a method according to the invention.
    Other features of the invention will become apparent from the description of the embodiment, the figures and the claims.
    The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment.
    Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a heating system according to the invention. The heating system comprises a heat generator 1, for example a log wood boiler or an oil boiler. In this a boiler temperature sensor 9 and a Sicherheitsstemperaturbegrenzer 10 is arranged, both sensors are connected via a data line 23 to a control unit 22.
    The heat generator 1 has a flow 2 and a return 3 with a heating medium, which is heated by the heat generator 1. At a junction 24, the flow divides and leads into a circuit for return flow maintenance 4, which is controlled by the return valve 5. This ensures that the heating medium in the return line 3 always has a temperature at which the efficiency of the heat generator 1 is as high as possible, and does not cool too much.
    In the return 3, a charge pump 6 and a flow sensor 7 and a return temperature sensor 8 are arranged between the return valve 5 and the heat generator 1. The return temperature sensor 8 is integrated into the flow sensor 7 and, like the return valve 5, connected via the data line 23 to the control unit 22.
    Feed 2 and return 3 lead in a known manner in a buffer memory 13, where the heat of the heating medium can be delivered to the medium in the buffer memory 13.
    In the interior of the buffer memory 13 or on the outer skin between vessel and insulation are a variety of temperature sensors in the form of temperature sensors 14, 14, 14, 14th These can be arranged at different heights of the buffer memory 13. At the top of the buffer memory 13, a buffer temperature sensor 15 is arranged. In the buffer memory 13, a temperature profile is formed, wherein prevail lower temperatures in the lower region than in the upper region. The exact temperature profile can be recorded separately by the temperature sensors 14, 14, 14, 14, so that the energy content of the buffer memory 13 can be accurately calculated.
    In the upper region of the buffer memory 13, an electric heater 16 is arranged. This is arranged approximately in the region of the upper temperature sensor 14, and the temperature measured by this temperature sensor is used to control the electric heating element 16. All temperature sensors 14, 14, 14, 14, 15 and the heating element 16 are connected via the data line 23 to the control unit 22.
    Next are approximately in the region of the second temperature sensor 14 and the third temperature sensor 14 »first and second heat exchangers 17, 17, the first and second solar circuits 18, 18 associated with solar charging pumps 19, 19. In this exemplary embodiment, the first solar circuit 18 is arranged above the second solar circuit 18, that is to say in the region of higher temperatures.
    Again, we measured the temperature measured by the temperature sensors, in addition to the calculation of the energy content of the buffer memory 13, for controlling the solar circuits 18, 18. To control the solar charging circuits 18, 18, the solar charging pumps 19, 19 are connected via the data line 23 to the control unit 22.
    Finally, to operate the first and second solar circuits 18, 18, a solar collector 20 is provided with a flow and a return. Supply and return of the solar collector 20 are connected to the two solar circuits 18, 18 and operated by the separately controllable solar charging pumps 19, 19. At the flow of the solar collector 20, a solar temperature sensor 21 is provided, which is connected via the data line 23 to the control unit 22.
    The control and / or regulation of all system components and the processing of the measurement data of the temperature sensor and the flow sensor takes place in the central control unit 22nd
    In an inventive, not shown embodiment of the control unit 22, this is set up to carry out the inventive method and includes a motherboard, a control unit and extensions. The motherboard is connected via an interface, for example a UART or Ethernet interface, to the operating unit, and via Ethernet to the Internet and any extensions. Furthermore, the motherboard has interfaces for interrogating sensors, interfaces for actuating actuators and units, as well as a power supply. In addition, a CAN interface can be provided.
    On the motherboard, a CPU for calculating the combustion control, a power unit for the driven actuators and units, a power supply and connectors for sensors and units is provided.
    As inputs are provided in particular, but not exclusively, connectors for several temperature sensors, namely a universal temperature sensor 11, a boiler temperature sensor 9, an exhaust gas temperature sensor, a return temperature sensor 8, a buffer temperature sensor 15 and a plurality of temperature sensors 14, 14, 14, 14.
    The universal temperature sensor 11 can be used as an outside temperature sensor, hot water storage tank sensor, boiler temperature sensor, solar collector temperature sensor or the like, this use of a PT1000 resistance thermometer with a measuring range of -40 ° C to 325 ° C and an accuracy of +/- 1 ° C is provided ,
    For the boiler temperature sensor 9, the return temperature sensor 8 and the buffer tank temperature sensor 15 a PT1000 resistance thermometer in the range of -10 ° C to 150 ° C with an accuracy of +/- 1 ° C is usually provided. The fuel calculation sensor is designed as a sensor package with four temperature sensors 14, 14, 14, 14, which are designed as PT1000 in the range of -10 ° C to 150 ° C with an accuracy of +/- 1 ° C. If no fuel calculation is to take place, then only the buffer tank temperature sensor 15 is connected to the control unit 22.
    As exhaust gas temperature sensor, a PT100 resistance thermometer is used, which has a measuring range of -10 ° C to 450 ° C with an accuracy of +/- 2 ° C.
    Further, on the motherboard of the control unit 22 an input for a 02-probe is provided. The 02 probe can be designed as a jump probe or as a broadband probe.
    Further, the control unit 22 comprises an input for a door contact switch. The door contact switch enables the simplest operating sequence of the boiler. For example, the evaluation of the signal could be interpreted as follows: The door is opened, the operator wants to insert fuel, the control starts the Nachlegevorgang. The door is closed, the operator has enough fuel loaded, the scheme ignites the fuel. In addition, the door contact switch serves as a safety device with respect to the automatic ignition: If the doors are not closed, the ignition does not start.
    Further, the control unit 22 comprises an input for a vacuum sensor. If no door contact switch is used, the vacuum sensor can also be used to ensure that the doors are closed in the event of an electric ignition.
    Further, the control unit 22 includes an input for a safety temperature limiter 10, which can be integrated at any point in the boiler casing, as well as a speedometer of a Saugzugventilators and an air damper feedback.
    The outputs of the control unit 22 are provided for controlling actuators or units, in particular for controlling a primary and secondary air control element, preferably a primary and a secondary air damper, a Saugzugventilators, a Zündgebläses, a charge pump, and an actuator for return lift.
    The primary and secondary air control element is controlled by means of analog 0 ... 10V signal, wherein an input for the feedback signal for determining the current position position is provided. Power to the actuator is also provided by the motherboard.
    The motherboard of the control unit 22 has a speed-controlled output for the induced draft fan. For the speed control, there are two approaches: On the one hand, the use of a conventional single-phase AC motor with operating capacitor is provided. The speed is set here via the armature voltage. As control of the armature voltage, this output is equipped with a so-called wave packet control. On the other hand, the use of a single-phase AC motor, which has an internal speed control and can be controlled via an external signal is provided.
    To support both options, both a 230 volt AC output, as well as a 0 to 10V DC output and 0 to 100% PWM are provided for the induced draft fan. Thus, both approaches of speed control can be realized. For the first approach, the 0 to 10VDC or 0 to 100% PWM output remains free and the speed control is via the wave packet control on the 230VAC output.
    For the second approach, the 0 to 10VDC or 0 to 100% PWM output is used for the speed control and the supply for the induced draft fan via the 230VAC output. In addition, an input for a tachogenerator is provided to determine the actual speed can.
    Further, an output for a Zündgebläse is provided on the motherboard. There are two 230VAC outputs on the motherboard, one output for the heating element and the second output for the fan. This heating element and fan can be controlled independently.
    To control the charge pump, a triac is used. This makes it possible to switch the output in the so-called zero crossing, which means that the inrush current approaches zero. In addition, the use of the triac makes it possible to regulate the charge pump in terms of speed. The speed control is carried out in the same way as for the induced draft fan (wave packet control or 0 to 10VDB or 0 to 100% PWM).
    The actuator for the return lift is controlled via two relays (open / closed).
    Next 22 two election outputs are provided in the control unit, which are provided for example for controlling a second buffer tank or another solar circuit.
    There are further provided outputs for activating a heat exchanger cleaning, a door opener, and a power supply of the 02 probe. The heating element of the 02 sensor used is supplied via an adjustable switching power supply. This has the advantage that the heating voltage can be adapted individually to the probe used. This makes it possible to operate the various probes (BOSCH, NGK or DENSO).
    Further, on the motherboard of the control unit is a power supply of the control unit and another potential-free changeover as a third vote input for the integration of an alternative heat generator (pellet, oil, gas, electrical insert, ...), or provided as refueling signal.
    In order to be able to forward the collected measured values and information and to be able to update the devices, the motherboard is equipped with the following interfaces: Ethernet, USB, UART (only for the display module integrated in the boiler), CAN. In addition, a slot is provided for another arbitrarily definable serial interface (Modbus, RS-232, RS-485). An integration of the heating system in a (possibly already existing) home network is therefore possible in the simplest way.
    The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment, but includes all heating systems and methods for heating control in the context of the following claims.
    LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
    [0057]<Tb> 1 <September> heat generator<Tb> 2 <September> Lead<Tb> 3 <September> return<Tb> 4 <September> return temperature<Tb> 5 <September> return valve<Tb> 6 <September> charge pump<Tb> 7 <September> Flow Sensor<Tb> 8 <September> Return temperature sensor<Tb> 9 <September> boiler temperature sensor<Tb> 10 <September> limit safety<Tb> 11 <September> Universal temperature sensor<Tb> 12 <September> buffer temperature sensor<Tb> 13 <September> buffer<tb> 14, 14, 14, 14 <SEP> Temperature sensor<Tb> 15 <September> buffer temperature sensor<tb> 16 <SEP> Electric heating insert<tb> 17, 17 <SEP> Heat Exchangers<tb> 18, 18 <SEP> solar circuit<tb> 19, 19 <SEP> Solar Charge Pump<Tb> 20 <September> Solar collector<Tb> 21 <September> Solar temperature sensor<Tb> 22 <September> control unit<Tb> 23 <September> data line<Tb> 24 <September> branch
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    1. heating system with at least one heat generator (1), a flow (2), a return (3) and a return flow maintenance (4) with a return valve (5) and a charge pump (6), wherein for power measurement, a flow sensor (7) and a return temperature sensor (8) are provided, characterized in that the return temperature sensor (8) integrated in the flow sensor (7) and in the return (3) between the return valve (5) and the heat generator (1) is provided.
    [2]
    2. Heating installation according to claim 1, characterized in that in the heat generator (1) a combustion chamber, at least one air inlet, at least one air control element and at least one exhaust fan are provided, wherein the air control element is connected to the combustion chamber via at least one air duct, characterized in that a negative pressure sensor for controlling the negative pressure generated by the exhaust fan is arranged in the air duct.
    [3]
    3. Heating installation according to claim 2, characterized in that a combustion chamber, two air inlets, two air control elements and an exhaust fan are provided, wherein the air control elements are connected to the combustion chamber via a primary air duct and a secondary air duct, characterized in that in the primary air duct, a negative pressure sensor for controlling the negative pressure generated by the exhaust fan is arranged.
    [4]
    4. Heating installation according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a buffer memory (13) is provided, wherein for measuring the temperature profile and determining the total amount of heat of the buffer memory (13) a plurality of temperature sensors (14, 14, 14 , 14, 15) are provided.
    [5]
    5. Heating installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the temperature sensors (14, 14, 14, 14, 15) offset along the height of the buffer memory (13) are arranged.
    [6]
    6. Heating system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that in the buffer memory (13) at least one heating element (16) or at least one heat exchanger (17, 17) is arranged, wherein one of the temperature sensors (14, 14, 14 , 14, 15) is arranged at the level of at least one of the heating inserts (16) or heat exchangers (17, 17) and assigned to it for regulation.
    [7]
    7. Heating installation according to claim 6, characterized in that in the buffer memory (13) an electrical heating element (16), a first heat exchanger (17) and a second heat exchanger (17) are arranged, wherein a first temperature sensor (14) the electric heating element (16), a second temperature sensor (14) the first heat exchanger (17) and a third temperature sensor (14 ») is associated with the second heat exchanger (17).
    [8]
    8. Heating system according to claim 7, characterized in that a solar collector (20) is provided which has a first solar circuit (18) with a first solar charge pump (19) and the first heat exchanger (17) and a second solar circuit (18) with a second solar charging pump (19) and the second heat exchanger (17).
    [9]
    9. Heating system according to claim 8, characterized in that the heat generator (1) is designed as a biomass boiler, wherein a boiler temperature sensor (8) and a Sicherheitsstemperaturbegrenzer (10), and the solar collector (20) a solar temperature sensor (21) are provided.
    [10]
    10. A method for controlling a heating system with at least one heat generator (1), a flow (2), a return (3) and a return flow maintenance (4) with a return valve (5) and a charge pump (6), wherein a flow sensor for power measurement (7) and a return temperature sensor (8) are provided, characterized in that the flow through the flow sensor (7) in the return (3) between the return valve (5) and the heat generator (1) is measured, wherein the return temperature sensor (8 ) temperature is used both for the setting of the return valve (5) for controlling the return flow maintenance (4), as well as for calculating the current performance of the heating system.
    [11]
    11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the determined power measurement value is used as the actual value of a power control or as a control value of a different kind determined power value, in particular a based on the exhaust gas temperature of the heat generator (1) determined power value.
    [12]
    12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the determined power measurement value for determining contamination is compared with the based on the exhaust gas temperature of the heat generator (1) determined power reading.
    [13]
    13. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that for determining the current and future required fuel demand of a first heat generator, in particular a biomass boiler, the current and expected yield of a second heat generator, in particular a solar collector, from current and forecast meteorological Data is calculated.
    [14]
    14. Control unit (22), set up for carrying out the method according to one of claims 10 to 13.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT516704A4|2016-08-15|
    CH711276B1|2021-07-30|
    DE102016111130A1|2016-12-29|
    AT516704B1|2016-08-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JP3918786B2|2003-07-30|2007-05-23|株式会社デンソー|Hot water storage type heat pump water heater|
    DE102007063489B4|2006-12-30|2021-02-04|Hg Baunach Gmbh & Co Kg|Method for controlling a heating system with a heat source having a heat exchanger heated by a burner, in particular operated in the calorific value range|
    EP2413047B2|2010-07-30|2021-11-17|Grundfos Management A/S|Domestic water heating unit|
    法律状态:
    2018-06-15| PUE| Assignment|Owner name: SCHMID AG, ENERGY SOLUTIONS, CH Free format text: FORMER OWNER: LOGOTHERM REGELSYSTEME GMBH, AT |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50561/2015A|AT516704B1|2015-06-29|2015-06-29|Heating system and method for controlling a heating system|
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